Abstract
In 1996, Popescu et al. published the Texas standard nomenclature of the bovine karyotype in which 31 marker genes, already mapped in man, were chosen to permit unambiguous identification and numbering of each bovine chromosome. However, specific PCR systems were not available for each marker gene thus preventing the assignment of part of these markers by somatic cell hybrid analysis. In addition, some difficulties remained with the nomenclature of BTA25, BTA27 and BTA29. In this work, specific PCR systems were developed for each of the marker genes except VIL1 (see results), from either existing bovine or human sequences, and a bovine BAC library was screened to obtain the corresponding BAC clones. These PCR systems were used successfully to confirm the assignment of each marker gene (except for LDHA, see results) by analysis on the INRA hamster-bovine somatic cell hybrid panel. The difficulties observed for LDHA and VIL1 are probably due to the fact that these genes belong to large gene families and therefore suggest that they may not be the most appropriate markers for a standardisation effort. This panel of BACs is available to the scientific community and has served as a basis for the establishment of a revised standard nomenclature of bovine chromosomes.
Highlights
Traits of economic and ecological importance in livestock species are frequently quantitative
The literature was searched for results of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping experiments with markers covering a large proportion of the autosomal genome in pigs and dairy cattle
For the dairy frequency distribution, a greater number of QTL of moderate to small size have been detected than large QTL
Summary
Traits of economic and ecological importance in livestock species are frequently quantitative. Both genetic and environmental variations contribute to the variation observed in quantitative traits in livestock populations. The infinitesimal model is attractive as it facilitates simple and elegant statistical descriptions of inheritance, such as predictable changes in genetic variance as a result of selection [5]. The discovery of a small number of genes of very large effect, such as the effect of the Hal gene on meat quality in pigs [17], led to a mixed model of inheritance of quantitative traits with many genes of small effect and rare genes of very large effect
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