Abstract
Application of asbestos in friction material after a very long period is now discouraged due to its carcinogenic nature. There is need for alternative (human friendly) friction material. Hence the development of asbestos-free friction material from an agro-waste (cocoa beans shells - CBS) as filler element cum other additives was undertaken using powder metallurgy technique. The particulate size of the filler material considered was 300µm and epoxy resin was used as binder. The produced brake pad samples were analyzed by evaluating their mechanical, physical, and tribological properties. Based on the investigated properties of the developed brake pad, reducing the filler content increased the wear rate, tensile strength, compressive strength, while hardness, density, water absorption, oil absorption and thermal conductivity varied differently. Coefficient of friction increased with increase in the filler wt%. The results showed that CBS particles could be effectively used as replacement for asbestos in automotive brake pad manufacture.
Highlights
Production and development of brake pad materials dates back to as far as 117 years ago
The results showed that maize husks (MH) particles could be effectively used as replacement for asbestos and many bio-mass friction materials in automotive brake pad manufacture
Lower density denotes better quality than the conventional brake pad in accordance with the standard recommended for brake pad application [19] [20]
Summary
Production and development of brake pad materials dates back to as far as 117 years ago. Brake pad materials usually are made with asbestos, metals and ceramics. For all categories of vehicles that are equipped with brake discs, brake pads form vital components. They are steel backing plates with friction material fasten to the surface facing the brake disc [2]. The brake pads generally consist of asbestos fibers embedded in polymeric matrix along with several other ingredients, but it is no longer acceptable due to its carcinogenic nature, new asbestos-free friction materials are being developed. Brake pads are tested to ascertain properties that make them suitable for the application. Properties to be determined include abrasion resistance, friction coefficient, hardness, tensile strength, specific gravity, compressive strength, oil absorption, water absorption, and thermal conductivity, disc temperature and stopping time [5]. Design and development of brake pad wear monitoring system for successful testing and validation was carried out by Sivarao et al [6] who suggested that sensors at the manufacturing level be
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