Abstract
In order to study the evolution process, damage characteristics, and occurrence mechanism of water and mud inrush disaster in deep tunnel fault zone with infiltration instability under complex conditions, a set of the three-dimensional physical model test systems of water and mud inrush flow-solid coupling in tunnel fault zones is developed. The system mainly comprises a rigid test frame, ground stress loading system, hydraulic loading system, multiple information monitoring and acquisition system, and mud and water protrusion recovery system. The system’s main features are that it can meet the model’s simulation of the ground stress field, water pressure, and other complex environments subjected to ground stress, and water pressure gradients can be controlled. The system is characterized by high rigidity, high-pressure strength, visualization, good sealing, and expandability. Taking the water fault zone of a well in the Dazhu Mountain Tunnel of the Darui Railway as the research object, the new fault zone and surrounding rock similar materials applicable to the flow-solid coupling model test are designed using the self-developed flow-solid coupling similar materials. The system is used for model tests to reveal the spatial and temporal changes of the surrounding rock stress field and seepage field during the tunnel excavation process. The test results show that the system is stable and reliable, and the research method and results are of guiding significance to the research of the same type of underground engineering.
Highlights
China has developed into a country with the most significant number of tunnels and underground projects, the enormous scale, the most complex geological conditions, and the most diverse structural forms in the world [1,2,3]
Development of a 3D Model Test System for Water and Mud Inrush in Tunnel Fault Fracture Zones e model test system is mainly composed of a rigid test frame, a ground stress loading system, a hydraulic loading system, a muddy water protrusion recovery system, and multiple information monitoring and acquisition systems
A particular person shall be specially assigned for data acquisition, photography, and recording until the physical model test of water and mud inrush in the tunnel is completed
Summary
China has developed into a country with the most significant number of tunnels and underground projects, the enormous scale, the most complex geological conditions, and the most diverse structural forms in the world [1,2,3]. 2. Development of a 3D Model Test System for Water and Mud Inrush in Tunnel Fault Fracture Zones e model test system is mainly composed of a rigid test frame, a ground stress loading system, a hydraulic loading system, a muddy water protrusion recovery system, and multiple information monitoring and acquisition systems. E monitoring components used in the test mainly include micro earth pressure box, pore water pressure sensor, displacement meter, high-definition filming instruments, and others, which monitor the signals of surrounding rock stress, pore water pressure, displacement, and macro process of surrounding rock from fracture generation to water and mud emergence through the tunnel excavation process and hydraulic loading process, respectively.
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