Abstract
Finite-element modeling (FEM) programs for analyzing sheet-forming operations have been developed at The Ohio State University for many years now and have been tested against experiments and various benchmarks. Recent algorithm developments have extended the applicability of the membrane method to arbitrary, 3-D draw-type operations and have improved both the stability and the speed of the original method, even when the wall angle approaches vertical. The usefulness of the newest algorithm is demonstrated by simulations of 2-D and 3-D forming operations, including 1991 VDI Benchmark and 1993 NUMISHEET Benchmark geometrics. Preliminary results and discussion are presented for a new method for introducing bending stiffness into the membrane model without adding degrees of freedom, and for using this approach to compute the springback response in two dimensions.
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