Abstract
In order to reduce the usage amount of pesticide fertilizers and protect the natural environment, seed coating agents are receiving increased wide concern. In this study, the active constituent (pesticide) and inactive components (surfactants and film former) of the seed coating agents were screened and optimized by the wet sand processing superfine grinding method. The fungal inhibition test of pesticides showed that thifluzamide, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, and difenoconazole have an obvious fungal inhibitory effect on wheat sharp eyespot, take-all, and root rot. LAE-9 and polyacrylamide + carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is recommended for the safe surfactant and film former, respectively, based on the seed germination test. Moreover, 6% difenoconazole · fludioxonil flowable concentrate for seed coating (FSC) stimulates the seedling growth of wheat, advances the growth of root, and improves biomass in the field trial, meanwhile, the control efficiency reached above 80%. Thus, we suggested it can be used as an effective seed coating agent for the control of soil-borne diseases in wheat. The seed coating agent has the characteristics of disease prevention, increasing crop yield, and safety of environment, which is of significance in practical application.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely grown small-grain cereal crops around the world playing important role in the agricultural economy [1]. 736.8 million tonnes of wheat were produced globally in 2015/2016 that worth approximately US 145 billion dollars [2]
Comparison of results showed that thifluzamide, flusilazole (EC50 = 0.0569 mg/kg), and fludioxonil (EC50 = 0.0101 mg/kg) treatment provided the best inhibitory control of wheat sharp eyespot, take-all, and root rot, respectively
We selected efficient, safe fungicides as active constituent according to the toxicity determination and safety test results
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely grown small-grain cereal crops around the world playing important role in the agricultural economy [1]. 736.8 million tonnes of wheat were produced globally in 2015/2016 that worth approximately US 145 billion dollars [2]. With the increasing world population, the demand for crop products, combined with food security and balanced nutrition, is rapidly increasing. The demand for wheat is expected to increase by 60% by 2050 [3]. Crop yields and their associated economic losses are major global concerns in modern agriculture. In wheat-producing regions, more than 30 kinds of pests and diseases occur on wheat every year, of which soil-borne diseases are one of the greatest constraints to wheat productivity [4]. Tritici [7] are the important typical soil-borne diseases threatening wheat production worldwide. Moderate and severe soil-borne diseases can result in grain yield losses (an annual loss of ~20%) and poor grain quality [8]. Due to the broad host ranges and difficulties of targeting the Agronomy 2019, 9, 413; doi:10.3390/agronomy9080413 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy
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