Abstract
Fish genetic breeding is a process that remolds heritable traits to obtain neotype and improved varieties. For the purpose of genetic improvement, researchers can select for desirable genetic traits, integrate a suite of traits from different donors, or alter the innate genetic traits of a species. These improved varieties have, in many cases, facilitated the development of the aquaculture industry by lowering costs and increasing both quality and yield. In this review, we present the pertinent literatures and summarize the biological bases and application of selection breeding technologies (containing traditional selective breeding, molecular marker-assisted breeding, genome-wide selective breeding and breeding by controlling single-sex groups), integration breeding technologies (containing cross breeding, nuclear transplantation, germline stem cells and germ cells transplantation, artificial gynogenesis, artificial androgenesis and polyploid breeding) and modification breeding technologies (represented by transgenic breeding) in fish genetic breeding. Additionally, we discuss the progress our laboratory has made in the field of chromosomal ploidy breeding of fish, including distant hybridization, gynogenesis, and androgenesis. Finally, we systematically summarize the research status and known problems associated with each technology.
Highlights
Fish is high in protein, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and microelements, so it is an important component of a high-protein, low-calorie diet
We present the pertinent literatures and summarize the biological bases and application of selection breeding technologies, integration breeding technologies and modification breeding technologies in fish genetic breeding
We discuss the progress our laboratory has made in the field of chromosomal ploidy breeding of fish, including distant hybridization, gynogenesis, and androgenesis
Summary
Directional filtering of traits is an important and indispensable step in genetic breeding programs. 1.1.1 Traditional selective breeding In fish, traditional selective breeding is the classical method of genetic breeding. The primary objective is to screen and select for desirable genetic traits in individuals or groups. Selective breeding has been successfully applied to enhance desirable traits in multiple species, including rainbow trout [1], silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) [4], channel catfish (Ictalurus punctutatus) [5], and so on. A number of selected strains of rainbow trout have been bred for desirable traits, such as fast growth, increased fecundity, and early spawning. Xingguo red carp (Cyprinus carpio var singuonensis.) were obtained using population selection breeding [7] and Molong carp (Cyprinus carpio var Molong.) were obtained using a combination of comprehensive and directional selection [7]. Bastard halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus) [11], large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaen acrocea) [12], etc. [13] were bred using selection methods and the BLUP breeding method was used for the selection of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) [14]
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