Abstract
Marek’s disease virus (MDV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), avian reovirus (ARV), chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) are important causes of disease in poultry. To investigate the infection status of the above six viruses in chickens in China, 1,187 samples from chicken flocks were collected and tested using a newly developed multiplex reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (MRT-qPCR) assay in the study. A series of validation tests confirmed that the MRT-qPCR assay has high specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. As for six detected pathogens, CIAV had the highest detection ratio, while ARV was not detected in any samples. In the spleen samples, the coinfection rate for MDV and CIAV was 1.6%, and that for REV and CIAV was 0.4%. In the bursa samples, the coinfection rate for FAdV and CIAV was 0.3%, and that for IBDV and CIAV was 1%. In the thymus samples, the coinfection rates for MDV and CIAV and for REV and CIAV were both 0.8%. Our study indicates that the coinfection of these viruses was existing in chickens in China. Through the detection of clinical samples, this study provides data on the coinfections of the above six pathogens and provides a basis for the further study of viral coinfection in chickens.
Highlights
Immunosuppressive diseases cause disease and weaken the immune system of the host, lowering the immune response and causing vaccinations to have a minimal effect (Adair, 2000; Sharma et al, 2000; Boodhoo et al, 2016; Shah et al, 2017; Gimeno and Schat, 2018)
When the BLAST reports generated from these sequences were analyzed, they showed that the inserted gene sequences of each plasmid were consistent with the target gene sequences
This indicates that each target gene was successfully transferred into the corresponding plasmid and that these positive control plasmids were suitable for further use
Summary
Immunosuppressive diseases cause disease and weaken the immune system of the host, lowering the immune response and causing vaccinations to have a minimal effect (Adair, 2000; Sharma et al, 2000; Boodhoo et al, 2016; Shah et al, 2017; Gimeno and Schat, 2018). Some immunosuppressive viruses can be transmitted vertically from breeding chickens to commercial generations, which makes the prevention and control of these diseases even more difficult (Witter and Salter, 1989). Some epidemiological surveys have shown that vertically transmitted or immunosuppressive diseases affecting chickens are widely distributed in most areas of China (Teng et al, 2011; Zhuang et al, 2015; Yang et al, 2017; Niu et al, 2018). Investigation of Co-infection of Six Avian Viruses. Infections with multiple viruses complicate the pathogenesis, identification, prevention, and control of these pathogens (Li et al, 2017; Sun et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2017; Cong et al, 2018). A rapid and efficient detection method is urgently needed to investigate the infection condition of these avian viruses
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