Abstract
ABSTRACTAmmonia gas is one of the precursors contributing to the formation of secondary particulate ammonium via reactions with atmospheric acids, such as sulfuric and/or nitric acids, which are present in ambient air. In this study, a new instrument that is suitable for measuring ammonia gas and fine particulate ammonium (PM2.5 NH4+) concentrations simultaneously under ambient conditions was developed. A wetted frit sampler was connected in the back of a counter-current flow tube (CCFT) sampler, and the NH3 gas and PM2.5 NH4+ samples were collected by CCFT and wetted frit samplers, respectively. An air sample was drawn through the samplers at a flow rate of 1.0 dm3 min−1 and an absorption water flow rate of 120 mm3 min−1. Then, the ammonium that formed in the absorption solution was detected by the indophenol method using a continuous flow analysis system. The estimated detection limits were 43 and 49 ng m−3 for ammonia gas and PM2.5 NH4+, respectively. Notably, the ammonia gas was collected on the CCFT ...
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