Abstract
This study aimed to raise awareness of maker education for pre-service teachers and discuss maker education in their major subjects by developing and applying a maker education course for pre-service teachers with various majors based on novel engineering (NE), a teaching and learning method that combines humanities and engineering. Accordingly, the course was developed following the procedure of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model, and the educational effectiveness was investigated using test tools. The educational effect and difficulties were also examined through the analysis of reflective journals written by 20 pre-service teachers with various majors who participated in the course. To investigate the educational effectiveness of the developed course, the science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) literacy of the participants—before and after the course—was measured, with the results demonstrating a statistically significant improvement. Analysis of the reflective journals identified a recognition of sharing effectiveness, the joy of making, and an in-depth understanding of maker education as education effects, and a lack of understanding of techniques, the burden of prototype fabrication, and the limitation of majoring subjects as difficulties experienced during the activities. This study verified that NE could be used as a significant maker education measure for pre-service teachers with various majors. Based on this verification, this study also proposes a strategy to develop more effective NE-based maker education.
Highlights
Society has rapidly changed in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution [1,2,3]
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of maker education by developing and applying a maker education course for pre-service teachers through teacher training and apply novel engineering (NE), which is applied to various subjects in which maker education is used
This study developed and applied a maker education course based on NE for pre-service teachers with various majors
Summary
Society has rapidly changed in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution [1,2,3]. Machines and artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly penetrating into what has been considered as human jobs.In particular, 70% of jobs available as of 2016 will not exist or become completely new jobs in the future when current primary students are employed. Society has rapidly changed in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution [1,2,3]. Machines and artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly penetrating into what has been considered as human jobs. 70% of jobs available as of 2016 will not exist or become completely new jobs in the future when current primary students are employed. It is difficult to predict the future of employment [2]. One of the primary challenges is that human jobs are being replaced by machines. Some of the work of medical doctors, pharmacists, and lawyers, which are classified as professional fields, has already been replaced by AI. AI has displaced human jobs because it can exceed human capability
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