Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a low impact development-based district unit planning (LID-DP) model and to verify the model by applying it to a test site. To develop the model, we identified various barriers to the urban planning process and examined the advantages of various LID-related techniques to determine where in the urban development process LID would provide the greatest benefit. The resulting model provides (1) a set of district unit planning processes that consider LID standards and (2) a set of evaluation methods that measure the benefits of the LID-DP model over standard urban development practices. The developed LID-DP process is composed of status analysis, comprehensive analysis, basic plan, and sectoral plans. To determine whether the LID-DP model met the proposed LID targets, we applied the model to a test site in Cheongju City, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, Republic of Korea. The test simulation showed that the LID-DP plan reduced nonpoint source pollutants (total nitrogen, 113%; total phosphorous, 193%; and biological oxygen demand, 199%); reduced rainfall runoff (infiltration volume, 102%; surface runoff, 101%); and improved the conservation rate of the natural environment area (132%). The successful application of this model also lent support for the greater importance of non-structural techniques over structural techniques in urban planning when taking ecological factors into account.
Highlights
This study aims to (1) develop an Low Impact Development (LID)-based urban planning model and (2) conduct applications to examine the practicality and effects of the LID-based urban planning model
This study was conducted in three stages: (1) examining the strategic barriers that hinder the integration of LID into urban planning and identifying principles; (2) analyzing the existing LID and urban planning process, identifying the planning elements necessary for an LID-based urban planning model, and developing an LID-based model; and (3) selecting a test site and conducting test applications of the developed low impact development-based district unit planning (LID-DP) model
The study results can be summarized as follows: (1) The developed LID-DP model reduced the amount of post-development nonpoint source pollutants and rainfall runoff
Summary
Some studies report the indirect social and economic effects of LID, including improving public health [5,6,7], ecosystem diversity [6,8], and increasing land value [9,10] as well as reducing rainfall runoff and nonpoint source pollution. The results of these studies offer implications for the need to go beyond conventional water management systems and apply LID more universally in urban planning
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