Abstract
Sustainable agriculture aims to improve productivity, conserve the environment, promote social welfare, and improve economic efficiency. The productivity of white pepper smallholders in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, was the highest in Indonesia at 1.4 tons/ha, and some smallholders reached more than 6 tons/ha. This research aimed to study the cultivation practices and evaluate sustainability from an environmental, social, and economic perspective. The method used in this research was a case-study on accomplished smallholders in Ranteangin Village, Towuti District. Pepper smallholders’ outstanding cultivation practices that threaten sustainability from environmental and social perspectives were clean land clearing, monoculture planting pattern, utilization of wood supports, clean weeding, and processing. While from an economic perspective, most cultivation practices were sustainable because the higher cost incurred can be offset by higher productivity. Strategies to develop sustainable cultivation practices are implementing more appropriate technologies such as minimum tillage application, multispecies planting of cover crops, live tree supports, and waste treatment in product processing.
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