Abstract
Air quality and energy consumption are among the top ten environmental priorities in seaports as stated by the European Sea Ports Organization. Globally, it is estimated that 15% of energy consumption can be attributed to refrigeration and air conditioning systems in fishing activities. There is a real need to understand energy usage in fishery ports to help identify areas of improvements, with a view to optimize energy usage and minimize carbon emissions. In this study, we elaborate on ways in which a simulation capability can be developed at the community level with a fishery port, using a real-world case study seaport in Milford Heaven (Wales, UK). This simulation-based strategy is used to investigate the potential of renewable energy, including local solar farms, to meet the local power demand. This has informed the development of a simulation-based optimization strategy meant to explore how smart energy communities can be formed at the port level by integrating the smart grid with the local community energy storage. The main contribution of the paper involves a co-simulation environment that leverages calibrated energy simulation models to deliver an optimization capability that (a) manages electrical storage within a district an environment, and (b) promotes the formation of energy communities in a fishery port ecosystem. This is paving the way to policy implications, not only in terms of carbon and energy reduction, but also in the formation and sustained management of energy communities.
Highlights
IntroductionThe European Union leads one of the first environmental coalitions in the world that targets decarbonization and the use of renewables [3,4]
Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges addressed in modern times [1,2].The European Union leads one of the first environmental coalitions in the world that targets decarbonization and the use of renewables [3,4]
We expand our analysis to a community level by presenting results obtained from the simulation of a smart energy community model
Summary
The European Union leads one of the first environmental coalitions in the world that targets decarbonization and the use of renewables [3,4]. In line with the above coalitions, the EU member states have adopted a specific directive to promote electricity from renewable energy resources (2001/77/EC), followed by the renewable energy directive 28/2009/EC for promoting the use of renewable energy resources with 20% of the total power production by 2020 [5,6]. The fishing industry is one of the most energy intensive industries in the world due to an escalating demand and enlarging supply of fishery and aquaculture products. Based on Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) information, the total world fish production in 2016 was about 171 million tonnes as compared to 19.3 million tonnes in. The global investment in fish products has increased significantly during the last 40 years from (EUR 8 billion) to Energies 2020, 13, 2779; doi:10.3390/en13112779 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies
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