Abstract
Compared with conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have the advantage of high-energy conversion efficiency, which can have better fuel economy and lower emissions. The main issue of HEVs is how to develop an energy management strategy to achieve significantly better fuel efficiency. In this research, the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was applied to optimize the performance of fuel consumption in the Advanced Hybrid System-II (AHS-II). Based on FTP-75 Test Procedure defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a backward simulation module was established. The baseline simulation module with the rule-based control strategy was validated with the original fuel consumption data. Then, the module with ECMS followed the same control rules of engine on/off and mode selection, and the fuel consumption of ECMS was compared with the simulation results of the baseline model. The fuel economy improvements of ECMS in urban, highway driving pattern, and composite fuel economy were up to 8.5%, 7.7%, and 8.1%, respectively. The simulation results showed that the difference of motors’ working efficiency was only 1.2% between ECMS and baseline rule-based control strategies. The main reason of fuel consumption improvement was the engine operation chosen by ECMS, which provided better power distribution.
Highlights
Climate change and the sustainable development of energy are the most serious international issues in the 21st century
The method effectively shortened the calculation time and improved fuel consumption by 16.43%, compared to the Charge Sustaining-Charge Depleting (CS-CD)-based strategy
When the vehicle travels on different road conditions, the powertrain system can operate between two electrical continuously variable transmission (eCVT) modes and four fixed-gear modes
Summary
Climate change and the sustainable development of energy are the most serious international issues in the 21st century. Chen et al [11] utilized online control rules but based on offline optimization results of DP for a plug-in HEV to prolong driving range up to 2.86% and reduce the energy consumption up to 5.77%. Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) [12] aims at optimal power distribution (between engines and motors) and ensures that the battery pack has sufficient power. The method effectively shortened the calculation time and improved fuel consumption by 16.43%, compared to the Charge Sustaining-Charge Depleting (CS-CD)-based strategy. Dong [15] developed a real-time optimal energy management approach for HEVs and PHEVs using an adaptive coefficient tuning strategy, and validated results using both Model-in-Loop (MIL) and HIL environment. This study implemented the AHS-II two-mode system as the transmission structure to establish a Simulink vehicle model, and applied ECMS for EMS to achieve optimal fuel economy
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