Developing embryos of Sesbania sesban have unique potential to photosynthesize under high osmotic environment

Abstract

This study has been carried out to investigate the photosynthetic activities in developing embryos of Sesbania sesban under a highly osmotic environment. In S. sesban, the embryo turns green/chlorophyllous at the early heart shape stage. Interestingly, despite being deeply embedded within the supporting tissues (several layers of pod wall, seed coat and endosperm) and developing in a highly osmotic environment, the growing embryo of the developing seed showed the presence of various components of photosynthetic machinery besides being chlorophyllous. The shade-adaptive nature of the photosynthetic machinery of the embryo is evident from (a) low chlorophyll a/b ratio, (b) photosystem (PS) II attaining maximal activity at low photon flux density and (c) lesser plastoquinone pool. The photosynthetic potential of the growing embryo seems to contribute towards seed filling as it has the potential not only to harvest light energy but also to fix CO2 as efficiently as other photosynthetic parts of S. sesban. In fact, ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase purified from embryos manifested subunit composition similar to that of leaves. The PS II activity in leaves, cotyledonary leaves and pod wall declined sharply with increase in the level of NaCl and sucrose above 150 and 300mmol, respectively. Amazingly, PS II activity in developing embryos was maximal in the presence of 250mmol NaCl or 500mmol sucrose and remained high even when NaCl and sucrose levels were increased to 500 and 1000mmol, respectively. We hypothesize that the developing embryos have some factor(s) which protect(s) the photosynthetic machinery in an environment of high osmotic strength.