Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to achieve high spatial resolution and high functional sensitivity for non-invasive assessment of tissue oxygenation. However, clinical acceptance of hyperspectral imaging in ischemic wound assessment is hampered by its poor reproducibility, low accuracy, and misinterpreted biology. These limitations are partially caused by the lack of a traceable calibration standard. We proposed a digital tissue phantom (DTP) platform for quantitative calibration and performance evaluation of spectral wound imaging devices. The technical feasibility of such a DTP platform was demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro DTPs were developed based on a liquid blood phantom model. The in vivo DTPs were developed based on a porcine ischemic skin flap model. The DTPs were projected by a Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP) with high fidelity. A wide-gap 2nd derivative oxygenation algorithm was developed to reconstruct tissue functional parameters from hyperspectral measurements. In this study, we have demonstrated not only the technical feasibility of using DTPs for quantitative calibration, evaluation, and optimization of spectral imaging devices but also its potential for ischemic wound assessment in clinical practice.
Highlights
Accurate assessment of wound tissue oxygenation is important for appropriate diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of chronic wounds [1,2]
We have studied the technical feasibility of using digital tissue phantoms (DTPs) to preserve functional characteristics of in vitro and in vivo biological systems
We have demonstrated the technical feasibility of using DTPs for quantitative calibration, evaluation, and optimization of spectral imaging devices and the potential for ischemic wound assessment in clinical practice
Summary
Accurate assessment of wound tissue oxygenation is important for appropriate diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of chronic wounds [1,2]. Many hyperspectral wound imaging systems only provide relative information about tissue oxygenation, with significant measurement bias introduced by patient-to-patient variations in skin color, blood concentration, and adipose content. To facilitate quantitative hyperspectral wound imaging, it is important to develop a traceable calibration standard with biological relevancy. An ideal calibration standard should have the following characteristics: (1) mimicking the optical properties of biological tissue; (2) reproducing the spectral characteristics of wound pathophysiology; (3) long shelf-time without degradation or spectral fluctuation; and (4) minimal batch-to-batch variations introduced by the fabrication process. The in vivo model is based on porcine ischemic skin flaps Spectral characteristics of both in vitro and in vivo DTPs are reproduced by a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP) system and projected to a reference spectrometer with high fidelity. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the work described in this paper represents the first effort of developing and validating a DTP platform for ischemic wound imaging
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