Abstract
On early development of intensive cotton program, insect pests were considered as an important aspect in cotton cultivation, so that it needed to be scheduled sprays. The frequency of sprays was 7 times used 12L of chemical insecticides per hectare per season. Development of cotton IPM was emphasized on non-chemical control methods through optimally utilize natural enemies of the cotton main pests (Amrasca biguttulla (Ishida)Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)). Conservation of parasitoids and predators by providing the environment that support their population development is an act of supporting the natural enemies as an effective biotic mortality factor of the insect pests. The conservation could be done by improving the plant matter and cultivation techniques that include the use of resistant variety to leafhopper, intercropping cotton with secondary food plants, mulch utilization, using action threshold that considered the presence of natural enemies, and application of botanical insecticides, if needed. Conservation of parasitoids and predators in cotton IPM could control the insect pests without any insecticide spray in obtaining the production of cotton seed. As such, the use of IPM method would increase farmers’ income.
Highlights
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is not originally in Indonesia
In spite of the Indonesian-textile industry is one of the five biggest of world textile industry, the cotton fiber as the main material of the industry has not been produced in a big scale cotton cultivation
The conservation could be done by developing cultivation techniques which include the use of varieties resistant to jassid, intercropping system, mulching, apply the action threshold concept and the use of botanical insecticide, if required
Summary
Pada awal pengembangan kapas di Indonesia secara intensif, serangga hama merupakan satu aspek yang penting dalam budidaya kapas, sehingga dilakukan penyemprotan insektisida kimia sintetik secara berjadwal. Pengembangan PHT pada tanaman kapas ditekankan pada metode pengendalian non-kimiawi melalui optimalisasi peran musuh alami dalam pengendalian hama utama kapas (Amrasca biguttulla (Ishida) dan Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)). Konservasi parasitoid dan predator dengan menyediakan lingkungan yang mendukung perkembangan populasinya merupakan tindakan optimalisasi musuh alami tersebut sehingga dapat menjadi faktor mortalitas biotik yang efektif bagi serangga hama. Konservasi parasitoid dan predator dalam PHT tanaman kapas dapat mengendalikan serangga hama kapas tanpa aplikasi insektisida kimia untuk mendapatkan produksi kapas berbiji yang sama dengan cara pengendalian menggunakan insektisida kimia, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani. KATA KUNCI: Gossypium hirsutum, konservasi, tindakan ambang batas, musuh alami, PHT
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