Abstract
Civic engagement is associated with numerous positive outcomes to the individual actor, such as educational and social competencies, and to society, such as an active citizenry that participates in the political process and supports their communities through volunteering or political activism. In this chapter, we consider the definition of civic engagement, provide insights into trends of civic engagement over the past 30 years, disentangle the various competing theories on the development of civic engagement, and subsequently place the development of civic engagement within a development systems lens. We then use non-college-bound and non-college-attending youth as an example of the multiple factors that encourage or discourage the civic development. Although we take a life span perspective in this chapter, we focus mainly on childhood through the emerging adulthood periods, since the literature on civic engagement development in adulthood is unfortunately thin. Keywords: civic engagement; citizenship; political; volunteering; non-college-attending
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