Developing an IoT-Based Digital Climate Station at Dramaga Climate Observational Station

Abstract

A climatological station has several obligations to conduct climatological observations over a long-term time range, with the observed parameters consisting of air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, air pressure, wind, rainfall, and soil temperature. At the moment, the BMKG (Indonesia Meteorological Administration) Climate Station manages to do the task conventionally with the observer on duty. By utilizing state-of-the-art technology, an internet-based automatic climate monitoring system was designed to ease the data users’ ability to conduct real-time climate monitoring anywhere connected to the Internet. Dramaga Climatological Station is one of BMKG's observational stations to be used as a sample for digital instrument monitoring. The Digital Climatological Station (DCS) was a system capable of measuring elements of climate automatically that was designed using the Campbell CR1000X datalogger for data acquisition, multiple meteorological sensors, and a solar-based power system. The sensors in this system were a combination of sensors with voltage output and serial (SDI-12) output, so that all the sensors could match the number of logger ports. The overall industrial-grade sensors had a maximum error of 2.38%. Acquired data from the logger was sent via the Amazon AWS IoT Core MQTT Broker using the MQTT protocol. Subscribing was carried out on the server by Node-Red, stored in a MySQL database, and displayed using Grafana on a desktop or mobile phone. The system managed to transmit the data with more than 97% completion out of 1440 daily records. The mentioned instrument is expected to be a pioneer in observation automation in order to assist the observer while improving accuracy.