Developing an Integrated Framework for Total Quality Management (TQM) and the Learning Organization (LO) in Educational Settings: From a Theoretical Perspective

Abstract

The primary aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of integrating TQM and LO into a coherent vision for the purpose of maximizing advantages of both initiatives for better understanding and effectively planning educational change. Part one of the review of the literature analyzes two bodies of literature concerning TQM and LO in terms of their definitions and critical success factors. As a result, seven factors including systems thinking, shared vision, teamwork, continuous improvement, professional development, shared leadership, and commitment are identified to establish an integrated framework that is compatible with TQM and LO. Part two of the review of the literature aims at examining the dynamic interrelationships between TQM and LO, which convincingly argues that TQM and LO are mutually dependent and complement each other. This paper concludes by discussing its implications for educational theories and practices, and recommending an empirical study for testing the present integrated framework.