Abstract
In recent years, complexities related to a variety of sustainable development criteria and several preferences of stakeholders have caused a serious challenge for selecting the more desirable urban water strategy within watershed. In addition, stakeholders might have several risk attitudes depending on the number of criteria satisfied by water strategies. Accordingly, a risk-based consensus-based group decision-support system model is proposed for choosing the more desirable water strategy, using the external modified ordered weighted averaging (EMOWA) and internal modified ordered weighted averaging (IMOWA) operators. The operators calculate the scores of strategies in several risk-taking attitudes of group decision-making, considering the sustainable development criteria. Additionally, the consensus-seeking phase is considered using a risk-based weighted Minkowski’s method. This model is successfully implemented for the Kashafroud urban watershed in Iran, for selecting the more desirable urban water strategy in 2040. Accordingly, in the completely risk-averse viewpoint, the stakeholders select the combined supply-demand management strategy satisfying all of the criteria. In contrast, in the completely risk-prone standpoint, the stakeholders choose the demand management strategy satisfying at least one criterion. Developing the risk-based consensus-based group decision-support system model is suggested for integrated urban watershed management for selecting the more desirable strategy, satisfying the sustainable development criteria.
Highlights
According to the recent reports published by United Nations, the population of the world has been estimated at 7.7 billion people in 2019 and projected to continue its increasing trend to around8.5 billion in 2030, 9.7 billion in 2050, and 10.9 billion in 2100 [1]
This study proposes the risk-based group decision support system (GDSS) model for evaluating the predefined
This study proposes the risk-based GDSS model for evaluating the predefined water strategies with respect to the criteria while improving the properties of the risk-based operator for modeling GDSS, analyzing the effects of several risk-taking attitudes of stakeholders based on strategies ranking, and investigating the stakeholders’ consensus
Summary
According to the recent reports published by United Nations, the population of the world has been estimated at 7.7 billion people in 2019 and projected to continue its increasing trend to around8.5 billion in 2030, 9.7 billion in 2050, and 10.9 billion in 2100 [1]. The growth of the urban population faces some challenges, including unsuitable urban planning and management, insufficient public services, social and cultural anomalies, economic problems associated with urban poverty, environmental contamination, and supplying secure and sustainable water [1,2]. Amongst the aforementioned urban challenges, the water supply is one of the most serious. Water 2020, 12, 1305 wastewater, water allocation for several demands, satisfying security and sustainability, and consensusseeking among urban stakeholders with different preferences are the main issues [2,3]. The water supply issues should be met by implementing desirable water strategies, which consider multiple sustainable development criteria [4]. The several preferences of multiple stakeholders regarding the relevant water demands should be satisfied and group consensus could be achieved [5]. Parkinson et al have presented the integrated urban watershed management (IUWM) approach, which has been developed for better management of water and wastewater strategies in an urban setting [6]
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