Developing a new framework for conceptualizing the emerging sustainable community-based tourism using an extended interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy SWARA-MULTIMOORA

Abstract

During these years, the sustainable Community-Based Tourism (CBT) notion has received more attention in the context of the tourism industry. Sustainable CBT mainly emphasizes social, environmental, and cultural sustainability and gives power to local communities in any aspect of tourism management. This manuscript aims to propose a novel approach to examine the current status of sustainable CBT in the Indian Himalayan region context. In this regard, a comprehensive framework was developed using experts’ opinions, and the relevant literature in tourism studies was reviewed based on sustainable CBT. To this end, this study proposed an integrated decision-making method using Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and MULTIMOORA (Multiple Objective Optimization based on the Ratio Analysis plus Full Multiplicative Form) under Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets (IVPFSs). Additionally, some comparisons were discussed with the outcomes obtained from the developed approach and those of extant ones to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model. To confirm the applicability of the proposed IVPF-SWARA-MULTIMOORA approach to real-world decision-making problems, a sustainable CBT problem was considered as a case study. The final results confirmed the efficiency of the proposed approach as well as its consistency with the existing ones.