Abstract
Abstract. Indonesia is rich in cultural diversity. Although Islam is the main religion, the most famous sites in Indonesia are the ancient temples (Candis) on Java and Bali. The Candis in Java represent a challenging ancient architectural heritage and are important features for the Javanese population to identify with their own culture, even today as the Buddhist and Hindu religions have almost disappeared from everyday life. The temples of Borobudur and Prambanan are on the UNESCO World Heritage List and are among Indonesia's most popular tourist destinations. In addition, there are numerous smaller temples and temple complexes for whose preservation is challenged by recurring earthquakes. Continuous monitoring of the monuments, especially with regard to structural stability, is therefore essential. In cooperation of the TU Wien with the Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta and local authorities, a possible workflow for a future surveying and continuous monitoring of the monuments was tested. With the help of 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry the most reliable and economical method for the continuous observation of the temples shall be developed taking into account the local conditions. In a cooperation of lecturers of the participating universities and students, as well as experts of the responsible temple authority ten temples were measured in order to test the envisaged workflows and their reliability This paper shows the approach and exemplary results.
Highlights
1.1 Indonesia and its cultural heritageThe Indonesian archipelago consists of 17,000 islands, of which only about one third are inhabited
The main objective is the development of an integrated monitoring system that allows fast recording and reliable controlling based on a high-precision recorded data set that serves as reference material
A combined application of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and photogrammetry was chosen for the methodical approach
Summary
1.1 Indonesia and its cultural heritageThe Indonesian archipelago consists of 17,000 islands, of which only about one third are inhabited. Among the most famous temples in the world are Borobudur, one of the largest Buddhist temples, and the Hindu temples of Prambanan Both temples have been included in UNESCO's World Heritage List for their outstanding universal value (OUV). Suwardhi et al, 2015 or Koyama et al, 2015) In addition to these well-known sites around 280 smaller and larger temples or temple ruins are located throughout the plains in the centre of Java, which consists on the administrative districts of Yogyakarta Special Region and Central Java These sites are of local economic importance, but because of their large number and geographical distribution, they represent a challenge in terms of preservation and management. There are different variations of the Candis, which are mostly part of a group of buildings, which can consist of surrounding walls, gates, and accompanying smaller temples
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