Abstract
Wind Power Plants (WPPs) are generally located in remote areas with weak distribution connections. Hence, the value of Short Circuit Capacity (SCC), WPP size and the short circuit impedance angle ratio (X/R) are all very critical in the voltage stability of a distribution system connected WPP. This paper presents a new voltage stability model based on the mathematical relations between voltage, the level of wind power penetration, SCC and X/R at a given Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of a distribution network connected WPP. The proposed model introduces six equations based on the SCC and X/R values seen from a particular PCC point. The equations were developed for two common types of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs), including: the Induction Generator (IG) and the Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Taking advantage of the proposed equations, design engineers can predict how the steady-state PCC voltage will behave in response to different penetrations of IG- and DFIG-based WPPs. In addition, the proposed equations enable computing the maximum size of the WPP, ensuring grid code requirements at the given PCC without the need to carry out complex and time-consuming computational tasks or modelling of the system, which is a significant advantage over existing WPP sizing approaches.
Highlights
Wind power is one of the most abundant, sustainable, cost effective and clean fuel energy sources [1,2]
A voltage stability hypothesis was developed based on the Short Circuit Capacity (SCC) and X/RPCC ratio measured at a potential Point of Common Coupling (PCC) bus
For each test system, the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (VPCC) -X/RPCC characteristic was obtained and plotted under a specific Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) value considering the realistic range of X/RPCC and VPCC
Summary
Wind power is one of the most abundant, sustainable, cost effective and clean fuel energy sources [1,2]. The majority of small wind farms are being connected to distribution networks [3]. Increasing the penetration of Wind Power Plants (WPPs) in a distribution grid is subject to providing the voltage stability requirements defined by the grid codes. The Australian and UK grid code requires continuous control of steady-state voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (VPCC ) of a distribution network connected WPP, with a set point voltage ranging from 95% to 105% of the grid rated voltage [4]. The step-VPCC variation in response to the changes in wind power penetration should generally be maintained at less than 3% [5]. Two main reasons have incurred challenges in meeting the requirements for grid code: the provisions of WPP design regarding the placement of the Point of Common Coupling (PCC), and the limitations in WPP capability to control the terminal voltage [6]
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