Abstract
Urban landscape (UL) management and urban greenspace (UG) delivery require effective planning tools. The aim of the study is to develop a conceptual framework for the implementation of ecological, structural and visual landscape and greenspace indicators (LGI) in spatial development of urban areas. The UL and UG management provisions in Poland are identified at various levels of urban planning (local, municipal and regional). Furthermore, the applicability of the selected set of LGI in the Polish planning system is considered based on the existing planning documents. The quality of UL and UG transformation is discussed in three case studies in Bristol, Gdańsk and Poznań in the broader context of the English and Polish spatial planning systems. Bristol is used as a point of reference for the evaluation of UL and UG management in Poland and for the comparison between English and Polish landscape policies. Based on the conceptual framework and the analysis of the case studies, critical areas of UL and UG management in Poland are identified. The existing planning system often fails to ensure the continuity of landscape structures, and it does not include its preservation and enhancement to a sufficient extent. Therefore, the implementation of the proposed LGI framework could significantly improve the ecological and visual quality, as well as the structural diversity of UL and UG. Moreover, the article concludes by indicating some practical implications of the proposed LGI framework for urban planners, policy makers and other stakeholders in terms of improving the modes of governance for UL and UG management as well as of accounting for human health and well-being.
Highlights
The widely discussed issue of sustainable development for urban areas nowadays implies new challenges connected with innovative governance mechanisms at a local, national and global scale aimed at providing the inhabitants with the best quality of life (QoL) in cities [1,2]
Four intermediate steps are set: 1. to select and compare ecological, visual and structural landscape and greenspace indicators (LGI) relevant for urban areas based on a literature study; 2. to identify the existing provisions in the Polish spatial planning system, intended for urban landscape (UL) and urban greenspace (UG) management and preservation, based on planning documents for waterfront areas in Gdansk and Poznan ; 3. to tentativelyindicate the applicability of the selected LGI in the planning and spatial management of urban and metropolitan areas in Poland at different spatial planning levels; 4. to compare the policies for the development of waterfront areas within the process of urban planning based on three selected case studies in Bristol, Gdansk and Poznan
It can be generally stated that while ecological indicators refer to ecological function, which is based on the theory of landscape ecology and defined by quantitative metrics, visual indicators pertain to aesthetic assessment, both objective and subjective [25,28,29]
Summary
The widely discussed issue of sustainable development for urban areas nowadays implies new challenges connected with innovative governance mechanisms at a local, national and global scale aimed at providing the inhabitants with the best quality of life (QoL) in cities [1,2]. The aim of this article is to develop a framework for the implementation of ecological, structural and visual landscape and greenspace indicators (LGI) in the process of sustainable urban planning. To achieve this goal, four intermediate steps are set: 1. Four intermediate steps are set: 1. to select and compare ecological, visual and structural LGI relevant for urban areas based on a literature study; 2. to identify the existing provisions in the Polish spatial planning system, intended for UL and UG management and preservation, based on planning documents for waterfront areas in Gdansk and Poznan ; 3. to tentativelyindicate the applicability of the selected LGI in the planning and spatial management of urban and metropolitan areas in Poland at different spatial planning levels; 4. to compare the policies for the development of waterfront areas within the process of urban planning based on three selected case studies in Bristol, Gdansk and Poznan
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