Abstract
Family-centered care (FCC) currently takes a greater role in health care, due to the increasing empowerment parents experience. Within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), family participation has an impact on the humanized care of the preterm newborn (PN). This integrative review conducted according to Whittemore and Knafl investigated current knowledge of the FCC model and its application in PN care in specific units. The data were collected from PubMed, Cochrane, CINHAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 45 articles were used, of which 13 were selected which met inclusion criteria. Their methodological quality was evaluated using the mixed method appraisal tool (MMAT), and after they were analyzed and grouped into four thematic blocks: (1) parental participation; (2) health parental training; (3) benefits of family empowerment; and (4) humanized care. The results revealed that FCCs promote the integration of health equipment and family. In addition, parents become the primary caregivers. The benefits of the family–PN binomial enable an earlier hospital discharge. Humanized care involves an ethical approach, improving health care. Changes are still needed by health managers to adapt health services to the needs of the family and PNs.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the preterm newborn (PN) as an infant whose birth occurs before 37 weeks of gestational age are completed [1,2,3]
An integrative review has been carried out, using the Whittemore and Knafl methodology, which uses 5 stages developed in this review: (1) The problem was identified by S.G.-C. and I.G.-V.; (2) the search for relevant literature published from 2009 to 2020 was carried out by the entire research team (S.G.-C., I.G.-V., E.M.-M., B.Y.-A., and I.U.-G.); (3) the selected data were evaluated using the mixed method appraisal tool (MMAT) by S.G.-C., I.G.-V., and B.Y.-A.; (4) the data were analyzed using inductive content analysis by E.M.-M., I.G.-V., and I.U.-G.; (5) the results were synthesized in the tables by S.G.-C., I.G.-V., and B.Y.-A. and reviewed by E.M.-M. and I.U.-G. [25]
The initial stage of an integrative review study is to identify a problem observed in health care and to propose an objective; in this case, the general purpose of this review was to examine the empowerment of parents by the health team, in the management of care from the perspective of the
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the preterm newborn (PN) as an infant whose birth occurs before 37 weeks of gestational age are completed [1,2,3]. Due to disruption in the gestation process, PNs may experience a high degree of organic immaturity, a condition that sometimes creates the need for an infant to be transferred to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In these units, the environment is characterized by the presence of a large number of harmful stimuli, such as excessive manipulation and even artificial light, which can affect the proper neurological development of these preterms [4,5,6].
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