Abstract
This paper discusses the author-developed novel method for the detection of buried metal objects that combines two basic subsurface sensing methods: one based on changes in the electromagnetic field parameters as induced by the inner or surficial impedance of the medium when affected by a propagating magnetic field; and one based on changes in the input impedance of the receiver as induced by the electromagnetic properties of the probed medium. The proposed method utilizes three instrumentation channels: two primary channels come from the ferrite magnetic antenna (the receiver), where the first channel is used to measure the current voltage amplitude of the active input signal component, while the second channel measures the current voltage amplitude of the reactive input signal component; an additional (secondary) channel comes from the emitting frame antenna (the transmitter) to measure the current amplitude of the exciting current. This data redundancy proves to significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of detecting buried metal objects. Implementation of the computational procedures for the proposed method helped to detect and identify buried objects by their specific electrical conductance and magnetic permeability, while also locating them depth-wise. The research team has designed an induction probe that contains two mutually orthogonal antennas (a frame transmitter and ferrite receiver); the authors herein propose a metal detector design that implements the proposed induction sensing method. Experimental research proved the developed combined method for searching for buried metal objects efficient and well-performing.
Highlights
Detection of buried metal objects (BO) has many important applications in the construction and operation of utility infrastructures, civil engineering, geological surveying, archeology, forensics, and geophysical logging, as well as treasure hunting and mine/weapon search [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Metal detectors are mainly based on generating a scanning alternating magnetic field and detecting its disruptions caused by metal objects
IB, or the induction balance method based on the reception−transmission principle: the frame receiver registers a signal re-emitted by a metal object when affected by an alternating magnetic field that is generated by the frame transmitter
Summary
Detection of buried metal objects (BO) has many important applications in the construction and operation of utility infrastructures, civil engineering, geological surveying, archeology, forensics, and geophysical logging, as well as treasure hunting and mine/weapon search [1,2,3,4,5,6]. In any construction project that involves earthworks or drilling the walls, such objects might be damaged accidentally, which might have severe consequences. In such cases, workers have to avoid hitting such buried objects. Workers might want to hit a BO, e.g., when repairing a pipeline or a cable line, or making a tie-in, or drilling a hole that must go exactly through reinforcement bars inside a wall. Buried metal objects are searched for primarily by means of metal detectors [12,13,14,15,16,17,18]
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