Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (PA) is an effective algicide against Alexandrium tamarense. However, the toxicological mechanism of PA exposure is unclear. The transcript abundance and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gills of bay scallop were investigated following 80 mg/L PA exposure up to 48 h using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 deep-sequencing platform with the recommended read length of 100 bp. De novo assembly of paired-end reads yielded 62,099 unigenes; 5414 genes were identified as being significantly increased, and 4452 were decreased. Based on gene ontology classification and enrichment analysis, the ‘cellular process’, ‘metabolic process’, ‘response to stimulus’, and ‘catalytic process’ with particularly high functional enrichment were revealed. The DEGs, which are related to detoxification and immune responses, revealed that acid phosphatase, fibrinogen C domain-containing protein, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein, glutathione reductase, ATP-binding cassette, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, NADPH2:quinone reductase, and cytochrome P450 4F22, 4B1, and 2C8-related gene expression decreased. In contrast, some genes related to glutathione S-transferase, C-type lectin, superoxide dismutase, toll-like receptors, and cytochrome P450 2C14, 2U1, 3A24 and 4A2 increased. The results of current research will be a valuable resource for the investigation of gene expression stimulated by PA, and will help understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the scallops’ response to PA exposure.
Highlights
In China, bivalves are among the most important commercial marine species, contributing a large proportion of the total shellfish production [1]
In order to investigate if and how it has affects other marine species, we studied the interaction between palmitoleic acid (PA) and scallop physiological responses, in which we measured various parameters, including the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozymes, the levels of nitrite oxide (NO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in our previous studies [13,14], which are related to immune, stress and detoxification responses
Two Digital gene expression (DGE) libraries were constructed for the gills of control and PA-exposed scallops
Summary
In China, bivalves are among the most important commercial marine species, contributing a large proportion of the total shellfish production [1]. The scallop, as a crucial commercial marine species, is mainly distributed in coastal areas of Northeast Asia [3] In addition to their economic value, scallops act as model species in various toxicology studies [4,5] or as a sentinel organism in environmental monitoring programs [6]. Alexandrium tamarense is a harmful algal species in oceans which has led to substantial financial ruin in the aquaculture industry, as it can produce a paralytic shellfish toxin. It can cause human poisoning, and even death [12,13].
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