Detoxification and effects of the UV filter Benzophenone-3 in the digestive gland and hemocytes of yellow clam (Amarilladesma mactroides) under a perspective of global warming scenario

Abstract

In this study, evaluated the combined effects of exposure to Benzophenone-3 (BP3), at an environmentally relevant concentration, with temperature increasing in the marine bivalve Amarilladesma mactroides . The BP3 (0.56 μg/L) at 20 °C increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the digestive glands of clams, without causing significant effect on lipid peroxidation (LPO). However, at high temperature (24 °C), BP3 suppressed antioxidant defenses, mainly glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lead to a rise in LPO in the digestive gland, however this condition increased hemocyte viability. The Integrated Biological Responses (IBR) approach shows that temperature influences BP3 effects, as the highest score was observed for animals exposed to 0.56 μg/L of BP3 at 20 °C (9.35), while the lowest was observed BP3 group at 24 °C (1.02). These results draw attention to the harmful effects of BP3 on bivalves, especially in a scenario of thermal stress. • BP3 activates biotransformation pathways in the digestive gland of the yellow clam. • The main biotransformation associated with BP3 detoxification is GSH and GST. • High temperature, predicted by IPCC, suppresses the biomarkers in Amarilladesma mactroides to BP3. • High temperature and BP3 in association cause oxidative stress.