Abstract
Growing Soviet self-confidence in the Far East could be seen not only in Moscow’s belligerent attitude towards Japan, but also in its treatment of the United States. Having secured diplomatic recognition from Washington, but certain the United States was uninterested in an entangling alliance, the Russians turned their backs on US demands that they repay pre-revolutionary debts. Even the Commissariat of Foreign Trade had no vested interest in appeasing the Americans: the Johnson Act had effectively prevented the US Government underwriting loans to the Russians as a quid pro quo for debt repayment. The American diplomats who arrived in Moscow early in 1934, expecting to find their new partners pliant, instead found them polite but coolly indifferent.
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