Determintion of saccharides in biological materials by high-performance anion-exchange chromtography with pulsed amperometric detection

Abstract

High-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) coupled pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) under alkaline conditions (pH 9–13) separates aminosaccharides, neutral saccharides and glycuronic acids based upon their molecular size, saccharide composition and glycosidic linkages. Carbohydrates were extracted by utilizing 0.5 M H 2SO 4 (neutral monosaccharides), 025 M H 2SO 4 coupled with enzyme catalysis (glycuronic acids) and 3 M N 2SO 4 (aminosaccharides). Solid-phase extraction with strong cation and strong anion resins was used to partition the cationic aminosaccharides and anionic glycuronic acids and to deionize acid extracts for neutral saccharides. Separation was conducted on a medium-capacity anion-exchange column (36 mequiv.) utilizing sodium hydroxide (5–200 m M and sodium acetate (0–250 m M) as the mobile phase. The saccharides were detected by oxidation at a gold working electrode with triple-pulsed amperometry. HPAEC—PAD was found superior to high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index (RI) detection for neutral monosaccharides and aminosaccharides and to low-wavelength UV detection for glycuronic acids in terms of resolution and sensitivity. HPAEC—PAD was not subject to interferences as was the case for low UV detection (210 nm) or RI analyses and was highly selective for mono- and aminosaccharides and glycuronic acids. The use of HPAEC—PAD was applied for the determination of the saccharide composition of organic materials (plant residues, animal wastes and sewage sludge), microbial polymers and soil.