Deterministic Polarization Entanglement Purification of χ-type entangled states in Multiple Degrees of Freedom

Abstract

We present two deterministic entanglement purifications protocols for χ-type entangled states, resorting to multiple degrees of freedom. One protocol is implemented with the spatial entanglement to distill the maximally entangled states from the mixed states, resorting to some linear optical elements. Another one is implemented with the frequency entanglement for the purification. All the parties can jointly distill the maximally entangled states from the mixed states affected by the environmental noise during transmission. Both of the protocols can work in a deterministic way with the success probability 100 %, in principle. The derived features may make the protocols useful in the practical long-distance quantum communication.