Abstract
This study aimed to establish a method for distinguishing the geographical origin of common buckwheat from Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Shaanxi Provinces in China. Three chemical families including mineral elements, vitamins and amino acids of 48 samples from different geographical origins were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and linear discriminate analysis (LDA) for this purpose. LDA clearly discriminated the geographical origin of common buckwheat samples grown in three regions, and gave a high correct classification rate of 95.8% and satisfactory cross-validation rate of 91.7%. Some variables (Mn, VPP, Se, Gly, Cu, Asp, Fe, and Ala) significantly contributed to the ability to discriminate the geographical origin of the common buckwheat. These results demonstrated that the proposed method is a powerful tool for controlling the geographical origin of common buckwheat by governmental administration and protecting consumers from improper domestic labeling. However, the discriminant method still needs to be further validated using more reliable data.
Highlights
Nutrition and the biological activity components from plant-derived products are greatly influenced by geographic origins because of differences in weather conditions, geographic area, and soil, which resulted in change of the quality and prices of agricultural products[1, 2]
The characteristics of some mineral elements, vitamins and amino acids in common buckwheat cultivated from Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Shaanxi regions are analyzed and compared, and further determined the geographical origin of common buckwheat based on multivariate analysis
There is no significant difference in the mean concentration of Zn, Fe, Ca and P among the Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Shaanxi (p > 0.05) which are rejected for further statistical analysis, while Cu, Mn and Se in samples were significantly different among the regions
Summary
Nutrition and the biological activity components from plant-derived products are greatly influenced by geographic origins because of differences in weather conditions, geographic area, and soil, which resulted in change of the quality and prices of agricultural products[1, 2]. The loss of identity of food origin may expose consumers to many risks derived by the cultivation processes due to the market globalization and to the easier circulation of foodstuffs[3] For these reasons, determining the geographic origin of agricultural food has become a field of increasing importance for consumers. Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) contains a variety of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals[8,9,10], and is an important source of basic nutrition, but may provide other positive health benefits[11,12,13] The consumption of this product has become increasingly popular in the United States, Canada, and Europe. 1.38 ± 0.18 ab 2.08 ± 0.35 a p-value is to provide efficient method for distinguishing the geographical origins of common buckwheat from different regions, which is of great importance for the quality control and food authenticity of common buckwheat
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