Abstract
The article discusses the possibility of determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emissions. These are called toxicity indicators because they concern the compounds: CO, THC and NOx. Three Euro V compliant vehicles with different propulsion systems types were used for the study: a 0.9 dm3 urban passenger car with a SI engine and a start-stop system, a 2.5 dm3 off-road vehicle with a CI engine, and a city bus with a hybrid drive system in series configuration and a CI engine with a displacement of 6.7 dm3. Measurements were made in actual operating conditions in the Poznan agglomeration using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The paper presents the characteristics of the operating time shares of vehicles and propulsion systems as well as CO2 emissions depending on the engine load and crankshaft rotational speed for individual vehicles. The determined toxicity indicators allowed to indicate their usefulness, to make comparisons between tested vehicles, and to identify directions for further work on the application and interpretation of these indicators.
Highlights
Combustion engine pollutant emission tests are no longer conducted exclusively on engine dynamometer stations
Testing in real driving conditions allows a thorough assessment of the ecological indicators in the full range of the internal combustion engine’s operating parameters, which has not been previously tested in laboratory measurements [4, 7, 8]
The research presented in the study was of an urban passenger vehicle, an off-road vehicle and a city bus
Summary
Combustion engine pollutant emission tests are no longer conducted exclusively on engine dynamometer stations. Testing in real driving conditions allows a thorough assessment of the ecological indicators in the full range of the internal combustion engine’s operating parameters, which has not been previously tested in laboratory measurements [4, 7, 8] These tests allow for the performance assessment of the internal combustion engine and the entire drive system (e.g. hybrid). Piston engines are most often powered with liquid fuels (diesel, petrol) For this reason, in the combustion process it is important to mix the fuel with the oxidizer, and to ensure quick fuel evaporation. Modern engineered constructions use many advanced technical solutions to improve the combustion process These are primarily: high pressure direct injection systems with staggered dose, variable valve timing systems, turbocharging, as well as inlet manifold solutions that ensure adequate swirling when filling cylinders with the fuel dose [9]. Mentioned systems have a smooth adjustment of their operating settings and operate interdependently
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