Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are still an interesting and current research topic in photogrammetry. An important issue in this area is determining the elements of exterior orientation of image data acquired at low altitudes. The article presents selected mathematical methods (TGC, TIC, TAD) of estimating elements of exterior orientation for image data obtained at low altitudes. The measurement data for the experimental test were recorded by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle platform Trimble UX-5. In the framework of the test photogrammetric flight, the authors obtained 506 images and navigation data specifying the position and orientation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. As a result of the research, it is proven possible to show the usefulness of the mathematical models (TGC, TIC, TAD) in estimation of elements of exterior orientation.
Highlights
Development of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology made it possible to acquire image data o at low altitudes, as well
Georeferencing of image data taken by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is performed in the process of digital aerial triangulation [1,2]
In the case of elements of exterior orientation, the coordinates of the centre of projection are determined for each image, referenced to the ground layout and the deflection angles of the camera referenced to the photogrammetric camera system
Summary
Development of the UAV technology made it possible to acquire image data o at low altitudes, as well. Georeferencing of image data taken by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is performed in the process of digital aerial triangulation [1,2]. Within the classical process of digital aerial triangulation, the elements of exterior orientation and coordinates of the measured ground control points, are taken. In the case of elements of exterior orientation, the coordinates of the centre of projection are determined for each image, referenced to the ground layout and the deflection angles of the camera referenced to the photogrammetric camera system. The typical accuracy of determining the elements of exterior orientation in the process of digital aerial triangulation for linear elements is approximately at a level of 0.1 m, and for angle elements, is respectively higher than 0.10. The approximate values of exterior orientation may be determined based on measurements of the GNSS/
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