Determining the Anticipation Times of Athletes Participating and Non-Participating in Volleyball, Handball, and Basketball School Sports at Secondary Schools

Abstract

The aim of this study is to find out the anticipation times of fifth-to eighth-grade students who participate and those who do not participate in school sports in volleyball, handball, and basketball in secondary schools, and also to determine whether the anticipation time varies according to gender, different speeds and sports experience of students participating in school sports. A total of 267 athletes (150 girls and 117 boys) participated in volleyball, handball, and basketball from the 5th to 8th grades of secondary schools, and a total of 214 athletes (90 girls and 124 boys) who did not participate in school sports in these branches were studied. The “Basin Anticipation Timer” device measured the anticipation time. As a result of the analysis, it was found that female students participating in school sports have better anticipation time than that of male students. The anticipation times of students participating in school sports were determined at speeds of 5 m/s and 8 eight m/s with average constant, absolute, and variable errors of (0.018, 0.044, 0.059) and (0.017, 0.041, 0.055), respectively. Even though the 8 m/s error results seem better than the 5 m/s results, no statistically significant difference was found between them.