Abstract
In Turkey, forest management plans are produced by terrestrial surveying techniques for 10 or 20 year periods, which can be considered quite long to maintain the sustainability of forests. For a successful forest management plan, it is necessary to collect accurate information about the stand parameters and store them in dynamic and robust databases. The position, number, height and closure of trees are among the most important stand parameters required for a forest management plan. Determining the position of each single tree is challenging in such an area consisting of too many interlocking trees. Hence, in this study, an object-based tree detection methodology has been developed in MATLAB programming language to determine the position of each tree top in a highly closed area. The developed algorithm uses the Canopy Height Model (CHM), which is computed from the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) generated by using the point cloud extracted from the images taken from a UAS (Unmanned Aerial System). The heights of trees have been determined by using the CHM. The closure of the trees has been determined with the written MATLAB script. The results show that the developed tree detection methodology detected more than 70% of the trees successfully. It can also be concluded that the stand parameters may be determined by using the UAS-based point clouds depending on the characteristics of the study area. In addition, determination of the stand parameters by using point clouds reduces the time needed to produce forest management plans.
Highlights
Forests have a huge importance to mankind and to all life forms that live in forests
Since terrestrial measurements allow the collection of accurate and comprehensive information relating to the forest characteristics, they are used as the main source of information in inventory collection
The closure map was generated and coloured with respect to calculated closure ratios. Inventory information such as crown closure, and number and height of trees was collected by using the point cloud extracted from the aerial images taken from a UAS
Summary
Forests have a huge importance to mankind and to all life forms that live in forests. For a successful forest management plan, it is necessary to collect accurate information about the stands (stand parameters) and store them in dynamic and robust databases (Yılmaz et al, 2015). The location, number, height and closure of trees are among the most important stand parameters required for a forest management plan. Examination of the studies in the literature reveals that the majority of the studies about the stand parameter estimation have been conducted using LiDAR data. In this study, a UAS-based point cloud was used to determine the stand parameters in the study area.
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