Abstract
This article aims to analyze how the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) has evolved across the European countries for the period 2012-2018. In this respect, we have taken as a starting point the Report of Global Food Security Index 2018 as well as the scientific literature from the main stream of publications focusing on food security. The data presented were analyzed and presented statistically, on the basis of which we prepared tables relevant to the proposed goal. The aim of this research is to determine the most vulnerable countries in terms of food security. We analyzed the evolution of the Global Food Security Index for the period 2012-2018, and the subcategories of indicators underlying the determination of the overall GFSI index score: food affordability, food availability, food quality and safety. We also looked at the adjustment indicator data used to determine the GFSI index, natural resources and adaptability. The natural resources and adaptive capacity indicator measure the exposure of a country to the impact of a changing climate; its susceptibility to the risks of the natural resources and how a country adapts to these risks. When applied, it acts as an adjustment factor for countries' food security scores. The originality of the paper is to build a globally optimized index for GFSI to provide a comparative analysis of European countries in terms of food security, highlighting Romania's position in this scientific approach. The motivation for calculating the optimized global food security index lies in the fact that it has only sub-indicators contributing to significant achievements, and its refining has gone through mathematical processing that led to a more relevant hierarchy. The indicator categories selected within this article are based on the analysis conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit, Research Division of The Economist that is the world leader in global business intelligence in the above-mentioned report. On the basis of the analysis we drew conclusions regarding the food security in Romania compared to the European countries.
Highlights
Food security is defined as a condition where people have access at all times in terms of physical, social and economic access to the sufficient and nutritious food to meet their needs for a healthy and active life.Based on the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) global index analysis, we can understand the causes of global food insecurity; it helps us to see our long-term consequences in terms of climate change
The motivation for calculating the optimized global food security index lies in the fact that it has only sub-indicators contributing to significant achievements, and its refining has gone through mathematical processing that led to a more relevant hierarchy
For the Food affordability criterion, the share of this in GFSI is 40%, and within it the structure presents the first 4 most important sub-indicators: food consumption as a share of household expenditures and gross domestic product per capita, with a weight of 22.2%, followed by the share of the population below the global poverty line by 20.2% and the presence of the food safety programs by 14.1%, we noticed that for the whole series analyzed from 2012 to 2018 the most of the achievements are the consumption of food as a share of household expenditures, the share of the population below the global poverty line, the presence of food security programs, access to finance for farmers
Summary
Food security is defined as a condition where people have access at all times in terms of physical, social and economic access to the sufficient and nutritious food to meet their needs for a healthy and active life.Based on the GFSI global index analysis, we can understand the causes of global food insecurity; it helps us to see our long-term consequences in terms of climate change. The index is an interactive model that includes: a score rating of three major categories and a set of subcategories of qualitative and quantitative food security index, and a food price adjustment factor to understand the impact of the change on the degree of risk to food security in each country Ensuring food security, both nationally and globally, depends on a number of factors such as: health of the land, potable and ocean water represent the major restriction on the productivity increase; the fertile land, water and productive fishing are increasingly demanding because of population growth, urbanization and the income growth, which are changing consumption, in line with the rising demand for meat and fresh produce that requires more intensive use of resources and the generation of waste in larger quantities; climate change generates the increase, severity and frequency of drought, floods and storms. Governments should take actions in order to increase the food security of the population
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