Abstract
This study evaluated the most suitable pulse mode (pulse ON–OFF pattern) for transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) using sodium hydroxide. Pulse sonication effect was investigated using ethanol, methanol, and ethanol–methanol mixtures to convert waste cooking oil into biodiesel. The importance of duty cycle (pulse-mode operation) and the role of reaction temperature during the conversion process were discussed. A maximum biodiesel yield of 99% was obtained for a pulse ON–OFF combination of 7s–2s at 150W power output, and the optimum reaction conditions of 9:1 alcohol-to-oil molar ratio (50%-ethanol, 50%-methanol), 1wt.% of NaOH, and 1.5min reaction time.
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