Abstract
A better understanding of genetic diversity in cotton cultivars is needed to make the most of the genetic resources and guarantee continuing improvements in the breeding programs. Our objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity among cotton genotypes from the top breeding programs in Brazil and recommend hybrid combinations that would increase variability. The field experiments we conducted on three cotton genotypes from each of the following Brazilian breeding programs: EMBRAPA, MONSANTO DELTAPINE, FIBERMAX, IMA, TMG and UFU. Several phenotypic evaluations were carried out at V5, B1, full flower and full maturity. Moderate genetic divergence was observed among the genotypes from these breeding programs. Hybridization of the BRS 433 FL B2RF and FM 980 GLT genotypes would likely produce segregating populations with greater genetic variability, yield potential, lint yield and desirable fiber quality. Maturity, micronaire and fiber length were the strongest contributors to genetic divergence.
Highlights
Cotton is one of the most recent and most promising agricultural sectors in Brazil
UFUJP-P, UFUJP-H and BRS 433 FL B2RF had the lowest yields while FM 980 GLT, TMG 47 B2RF and IMA 8405 GLT had the highest values, which were greater than the 40% target used in breeding programs (Vidal Neto & Freire, 2013)
The relationship between the highest and lowest value of D2 in the present study was 16.34. This suggests moderate genetic divergence according to Nardino et al (2017) and Paixão et al (2008) who classified values of 33.6 and 39.0, respectively, as wide variability among corn genotypes. These findings show that cotton breeding programs in Brazil need to make better use of genetic resources
Summary
Cotton is one of the most recent and most promising agricultural sectors in Brazil. The 2019/2020 harvest was the fourth largest in the world (Conab, 2020). The success of cotton cultivation in Brazil is largely due to investments in research, production technology and domestic breeding programs. The continued development of cultivars is dependent on making the most of available genetic resources. Because of numerous species and varieties, genetic variety within the Gossypium genus is vast (Vidal Neto & Freire, 2013). To produce genotypes with favorable agronomic and technological traits, breeders frequently choose successful cultivars as parent plants, which narrows the genetic base and leads to high levels of homogeneity across large areas of cropland (Mehboobur-rahman, 2012; Borém & Miranda, 2013)
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