Abstract
BackgroundOur previous research showed that icariin (1) and its phosphorylated structural modification (2) improved the survival and attenuated oxidative stress and liver dysfunction induced by duck virus hepatitis. In this paper, we were one step closer to determine the structure of phosphorylation icariin (2) by the FT-IR, HRESIMS and 13C NMR. Anti-DHAV activities of 1 and 2 were compared in duck embryonic hepatocytes (DEHs) cultured in vitro and by artificial infection method in vivo. Additionally, the antiviral mechanisms of replication/release in vitro and the DHAV gene expression in vivo of 1 and 2 were analyzed.ResultsCompound 2's molecular formula was C33H42O18P. The results indicated that 1 and 2 effectively resisted DHAV invading DEHs, that they decreased the mortality of ducklings challenged with DHAV, and that 2 performed more effectively. 1 and 2 performed evenly on DHAV release; however, 2 restrained virus replication far more effectively. Since the anti-DHAV mechanisms of 1 and 2in vitro probably involve suppression of replication and release, 2’s better performance in anti-DHAV may result from its far more effectively inhibiting virus replication.ConclusionsThe compound 2's chemical structure was defined as 8-prenylkaempferol-4'-methylether-3-rhamnosyl-7-(6'''-phosphate)-glycoside. 1 and 2 exhibited anti-virus activity on DHAV. Our results suggest that 1 and 2 might become an anti-virus plant material candidate.
Highlights
Our previous research showed that icariin (1) and its phosphorylated structural modification (2) improved the survival and attenuated oxidative stress and liver dysfunction induced by duck virus hepatitis
Sequence analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 led to its classification as the only member of a new genus, Avihepatovirus, of the family Picornaviridae, so the DHV-1 was renamed to DHAV [3]
Several types of flavonoids including those from epimedium and propolis as well as prescriptions of flavonoids ingredients showed significant resistance to Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease and other viral diseases in our previous experiments [5], the underlying mechanisms were not researched in detail
Summary
Our previous research showed that icariin (1) and its phosphorylated structural modification (2) improved the survival and attenuated oxidative stress and liver dysfunction induced by duck virus hepatitis. The causative agent, duck hepatitis virus (DHV), historically belongs to the family Picornaviridae and is divided into three serotypes (DHV-1, 2, and 3). Sequence analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 led to its classification as the only member of a new genus, Avihepatovirus, of the family Picornaviridae, so the DHV-1 was renamed to DHAV [3]. The disease is Several types of flavonoids including those from epimedium and propolis as well as prescriptions of flavonoids ingredients showed significant resistance to Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease and other viral diseases in our previous experiments [5], the underlying mechanisms were not researched in detail. Contemporary pharmacologic experiments indicate that Epimedium flavone has anti-aging, anti-tumor and
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