Abstract
Threats posed by counterspace capabilities are directed against space systems, their supporting ground infrastructure, and data links between space systems and ground infrastructure. Space countermeasures include direct attack and co-orbital anti-satellite systems, cyber attacks, electronic warfare and directed energy. Earth as seen from space is a key visual element in planning operations. This necessitates a careful selection of continuous review of certain areas of operational and strategic interest. Satellite coverage planning covers the entire process from the idea of a new satellite system to final in-orbit testing. It is a multidisciplinary activity that ranges from defining the areas of interest in the relevant geographic areas, designing the appropriate orbit, and arriving at the determination of the necessary sensors that will meet the mission need.
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