Abstract
Due to negligent use and disposal of lead containing sources including acid and alkali batteries with lead conductor, vehicle accumulators in last years, environment has been polluted greatly and it becomes the cause of animal poisoning. Heavy metals are dangerous because of their persistence and toxicity. Soil behaves as a sink of heavy metals by aerial deposition of particles emitted by human activities. The aims of this work were to identify the levels of lead in accumulator processing plant and city areas and animals. A total of 60 blood samples were collected in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar and measured lead concentrations using equipment LeadCare II. Detection limit of LeadCare II for blood lead concentration ranges between 3.3 and 65 μg/dl. Measurements were made in three replicates using the samples, which were diluted by 10 to 100 fold and about 180 units of analysis was carried out. According to our study lead concentration in blood from livestock populations in the vicinity of Khonkhor lake, Nalaikh district is greater up to 52.9 ppm and the concentration in the soil around the factories is 30 fold higher. High lead content were found in soil and livestock animal blood samples of accumulator processing plant, which have correlated positively between them. But lead concentration in the blood sample from animals, which in areas might be free from lead pollution, was higher than acceptable level. In further studies on contamination resources are required.
Highlights
With regard to increasing open pit mining activities in our country, water, soil and plants of those areas are being polluted by various chemicals causing changes in the ecological system and spread of new diseases among people and livestock in the vicinity [1; 9]
Measurements were made in three replicates using the sample been diluted 10-100 fold and about 180 units of analysis was carried out. 10 gram soil sample was collected from 24 points at 50 meter distance around the accumulator processing plant, prepared the samples for analysis by grinding and screening on 10 mm sieve and soil lead amount was determined by Total Reflection X-ray fluorescence Analysis
Absence of quantitative data with research baseline value determined by normal level of lead in both sheep and cow blood in Mongolia does not allow summarizing and comparing in direct values of analytic results
Summary
With regard to increasing open pit mining activities in our country, water, soil and plants of those areas are being polluted by various chemicals causing changes in the ecological system and spread of new diseases among people and livestock in the vicinity [1; 9]. According to WWF Mongolia Program Office, lead content in the soil of Ulaanbaatar city was 95.7 mg/kg in 1993, 108.2 mg/kg in 1995 and 124.8 mg/kg in 1997 and it is increasing year after year [18]. Lead is called as nervous poison, affects adversely nervous system, kidney, haematogenic and reproductive system as well as dangerous for retardation of growth and brain development [5; 6]. It has been an urgent issue to study impacts of heavy metal on livestock living environment and human body as well as to develop preventive method by determining it in biological samples based on the above information. The present study aimed to determine and compare lead distribution level from 20 to 100 kilometer radius surrounding Ulaanbaatar city. We have taken animal blood and soil samples from 5 points and determined the lead concentration
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