Abstract
For friction piles depending on the friction resistance, accurate prediction of unit skin friction around the pile shaft is the dominant resistance to measure the final bearing capacity of a bored-pile. The present study measures the stress–strain transferring in two instrumented bored-piles (BP #1 & BP# 2) embedded within the soil layer in Kuala Lumpur by real-time monitoring global strain extensometer (GSE) sensors. Two bored-piles (i.e., having 1.80 m and 1.0 m diameters, as well as 36 m and 32 m lengths) have been loaded with two times to their design working loads. Extensive data are analyzed to measure the changes in stress–strain in the bored-pile. The effect of loading and unloading stages on the pile’s head and base settlement has been monitored, indicating that Young modulus of elasticity in concrete bored-pile ( E c ), average strain, and unit skin friction changed along the bored-pile based on the ground site conditions and stress registered. One example of two case studies with great real-time monitoring data has been provided to further design.
Highlights
In recent years, calculation of pile bearing capacity data in-situ test has been broadly applied by geotechnical engineers and building foundations, because these data are more accurate and reliable than small-scale laboratory tests
Two full-scale maintained a static loads test on instrumented bored-piles had been conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to obtain a reliable range for ultimate skin friction with standard penetration test (SPT)-N value alteration
The effects of geologically weak zones through the layered soil ground conditions in crucial parameter-design changing such as elastic concrete modulus and strain–stress along the piles have been researched
Summary
Calculation of pile bearing capacity data in-situ test has been broadly applied by geotechnical engineers and building foundations, because these data are more accurate and reliable than small-scale laboratory tests. Bored-piles have been considered empirically more as an art-work than science [1], and are formed using appropriate machines (capacity-type) to fill the holes with applicable concrete and reinforcement. Their usual sizes are 400 mm to 3,000 mm diameter, with a capacity that reaches up 45,000 kN based on the pile size and geological profile close to the pile, so an excellent pile capacity has reduced the pile cap size and pile numbers in the group [2,3]. Bored-pile designing in most countries has relied on the results of the conventional standard penetration test (SPT).
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