Abstract
The study presents the results of the genetic diversity estimation of winter rapeseed by molecular genetic analysis and the determination of polymorphism with morphological traits. The study aims to determine winter rapeseed hybrids polymorphism by SSR markers and the marker morphological characteristics. Twelve winter rapeseed hybrids which were examined within DUS testing and their 24 hereditary components were studied in 2021–2022. The study of rapeseed genotypes genetic diversity was carried out in 2021. It was determined that the majority of studied hybrids and their hereditary components by studied SSR markers are characterized with alleles of the same sizes and are homozygotic by these markers. Besides, it was found that the presence of only on one allele was identifed in hereditary components which was found in hybrids. This distribution allows to check the hybrid formula and to identify them. It was determined that the most polymorphic marker was Na12-A02, PIC is 0.77. The lowest value of PIC was obtained for Na12-E02 marker (0.47). On the average, for studied markers PIC is 0.66 which indicates the evenness of identifed alleles distribution by SSR markers among studied winter rapeseed genotypes. As results of cluster analysis, we obtained fve clusters of the studied hybrids by 8 SSR markers. The hybrids with genetic distances of 2.45 were the most similar hybrids. It was found that the hybrids with genetic distances of 5.83 and 5.74 were the most distinct. Three clusters were obtained as results of the cluster analysis based on morphological traits. It was determined that the most similar hybrids were the ones with genetic distances of 3.46. It was found that the most distinct hybrids had the genetic distances of 5.299.38. Thus, taking into account the various distribution of the studied genotypes by the SSR markers and morphological characteristics, SSR markers can be used as additional tool for the distinctness determination. Key words: genetic distances, winter rapeseed, allele frequencies, РІС, genetic diversity, SSR markers.
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