Determination of veterinary pharmaceutical runoffs from a swine manure pile using LC\u2013MS/MS

Sung-Deuk Choi,Sung-Eun Lee,Min-Kyu Park,Joo-Yeon Oh

doi:10.1186/s13765-020-00559-1

Sung-Deuk Choi, Sung-Eun Lee + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-020-00559-1

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Abstract

The mass usage of veterinary pharmaceuticals in farms has contributed to environmental pollution in vicinity waters, soils, and sediments from farms and composting facilities. In the present study, we investigated the usage of four antibiotics (viz., lincomycin, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim) to understand their contamination routes from livestock manure piles. Residual levels of these antibiotics in a nearby reservoir were set as a positive control (Site 1), and a swine manure pile in a farm (Site 2) and a soil sample around the manure pile (Site 3) were selected for this study. Artificial rainwater was flowed into the manure sample (Site 2), the soil sample around the manure pile (Site 3), and a soil sample around the vicinity river (Site 4). A stream sample (Site 5) around the manure pile and river water near the manure pile (Site 6) were also collected. For qualitative and quantitative analyses, analytical validation was performed, and all the four antibiotics were detected at Site 1 in the concentration range of 0.03–1.6 µg/L. Lincomycin was the antibiotic with the highest detection level. At Site 2, the detection level of all antibiotics remained at 0.3–17.3 µg/L, and their residual amounts were continuously detected in subsequent samples with approximately 30-fold decrease. The migration of antibiotics was confirmed to be independent of pH value. Therefore, this study indicates that farm manure pile should be thoroughly managed for antibiotic contamination in vicinity areas with periodical monitoring, especially waterways.

Highlights

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are increasingly being used at homes, hospitals, and livestock farms, as a result of which they are frequently detected in soil environments, effluents of sewage treatment plants, rivers, reservoirs, and sediments [1,2,3]
Selection of analytical items in PPCPs there are several different substances corresponding to PPCPs, four antibiotics, viz., lincomycin, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim, were analyzed in this study to determine their levels in vicinity soils and waterways after runoff of livestock manure
We attempted to investigate the level of contamination of these veterinary antibiotics from the manure pile in the livestock farm that flowed to the nearby soils and into the nearby river via unexpected runoff

Summary

Introduction

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are increasingly being used at homes, hospitals, and livestock farms, as a result of which they are frequently detected in soil environments, effluents of sewage treatment plants, rivers, reservoirs, and sediments [1,2,3]. PPCPs that are introduced into the aquatic ecosystem can cause acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms [7, 8]. It has been reported that the metabolites of these PPCPs can enter the aquatic environment and cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem [9]. The effluent emission limit in the sewage treatment plant is set to pass biological standards and physicochemical standards, it cannot be considered that the treatment of trace organic substances such as PPCPs is performed in a perfect manner [9, 10].

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