Abstract
A simple and sensitive cloud point extraction method for the preconcentration of ultra-trace amounts of nickel as a prior step to its determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was proposed. It is based on the reaction of nickel with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-dimethylaminoaniline (5-Br-PADMA) in HAc–NaAc buffer media and mixed micelle-mediated extraction of the complex using the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate sodium (SDS) and non-ionic surfactant (1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-polyethylene (Triton X-114). The optimal reaction and extraction conditions such as pH, concentration of 5-Br-PADMA, SDS and Triton X-114, equilibrium temperature, incubation, and centrifuge time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration graph was linear over the range 0.1–5.5 ng/mL of nickel with a correlation coefficient of 0.9942. The detection limit obtained was 0.031 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviation was 2.1% for nickel (c = 2 ng/mL, n = 6). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of nickel in water samples.
Highlights
IntroductionNickel is an essential trace element for human beings, animals, micro-organisms, and plants
Nickel is an essential trace element for human beings, animals, micro-organisms, and plants.Nickel has been identified as a component in a number of enzymes, participating in important metabolic reactions
We have reported cloud point extraction (CPE) methods for preconcentration of cobalt, palladium, and rhodium, using O-amio pyridylazo reagents [20,21,22,23]
Summary
Nickel is an essential trace element for human beings, animals, micro-organisms, and plants. Nickel has been identified as a component in a number of enzymes, participating in important metabolic reactions. When too little or too much nickel is taken up, either deficiency or toxicity symptoms can occur [1]. The determination of trace nickel in environmental and biological samples is becoming increasingly important for public health and the environment. Determination of trace nickel in environmental and biological samples is very difficult because of its very low concentration and the interfering effects of the matrix. A highly sensitive analytical technique combined with preconcentration and separation approach is often required
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