Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine the trace cadmium in water and fish species from estuaries in Tien Hai, Thai Binh province, Vietnam by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Methodology: The optimal conditions has been investigated by studying the effects of analysis parameters such as spectral line, current of cathode lamp, slit width, furnace temperature, acid concentration and subtracted solution on absorbance. The validation method was evaluated by linear range, accuracy, repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery (Re), and determination of trace cadmium in water and fish species. Findings: The results showed that the spectral line of 228.3 nm, current of cathode lamp of 4 mA, slit width of 0.5 nm, furnace temperature of 1800 ◦C, HNO3 concentration of 1%, CH3COONH4 concentration of 1% were optimal conditions for determination of cadmium. At these conditions, the analytical procedure exhibited the high accuracy and repeatability. The linear range of cadmium was 0-4 ppb. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.0058 and 0.019 ppb, respectively. Application/Improvements: Determination of the trace cadmium in the water and fish samples was done by the development of analytical procedure. It was applied to determine the water and fish species from Ba Lat and Lan estuaries in Tien Hai, Thai Binh, Vietnam. Keywords: GF-AAS; Trace; Cadmium; Analysis; Fish
Highlights
The development of industry, agriculture, health care, tourism and trade have made the environment seriously polluted, especially the presence of heavy metals in the soil, water, and ecosystems[1]
Removal of head, viscera, fins and backbone were done and the meat of fishes was crushed by a mill, thinly spread on a plate and 50 g of crushed fish was taken from five positions by the diagonal rule
The spectral line of 228.3 nm was selected for further analysis
Summary
The development of industry, agriculture, health care, tourism and trade have made the environment seriously polluted, especially the presence of heavy metals in the soil, water, and ecosystems[1]. Heavy metals in aquatic environment can be dispersed into soil and air leading to contamination of crops, vegetables, and fishes[5]. The determination of trace cadmium in soil, water, food and environmental samples is becoming a matter priority. The ICP-OES and F-AAS methods determined cadmium by addition of pre-concentration step with 2,2′-Bipyridyl and erythrosine, the LOD values were 4.0 and 7.75 ng/mL for ICP-OES and F-AAS, respectively, and the recoveries were more than 93% [14]. The AAS method with the sample preparation by HNO3 and H2O coulddetermine the cadmium in cockles along the estuary of Sungai Tampok and Sungai Sanglang, showing the cadmium concentration in ranges of 0-4.25 and 03.85 μg/g, respectively[16]. Analytical procedure by GF-AAS was developed to determine cadmium in water and fish species from estuaries in Tien Hai, Thai Binh, Vietnam. The effect of foreign ions on analytical method in addition to statistical methods used in the evaluation of the reliability and accuracy of the analytical method, were carried out
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