Determination of Trace Amounts of Palladium in Water Samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

Mohammad Reza Jamali,Reyhaneh Rahnama Kozani,Yaghoub Assadi

doi:10.1155/2013/671743

Abstract

A simple, rapid, and powerful microextraction technique was used for determination of palladium (II) ion in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS). The different variables affecting the complexation and extraction conditions such as extraction and disperser solvent type, extraction time, pH, and concentration of chelating agent were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the ranges of 0.05–1 μg L−1with detection limit of 0.02 μg L−1. The precision (RSD %) for ten replicate determination at 0.2 μg L−1of palladium was better than 3.5% and the enrichment factor 166.5 was obtained from only 5.0 mL of sample. Under the presence of foreign ions, no significant interference was observed. Finally, accuracy and application of the method were estimated by using test samples of natural waters spiked with different amounts of palladium.

Highlights

Palladium has been used in different areas of science and technology including agents, brazing alloys, petroleum, electrical industries, and catalytic chemical reactions. e metal may enter the environment and interact with complexing materials, such as humic substances
We demonstrated a novel microextraction technique which was named dispersive liquidliquid microextraction (DLLME) that was used for the extraction and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [21], organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) [22], chlorobenzenes [23], and Trihalomethanes [24] by gas chromatography and metal ions by atomic absorption spectrometry [25, 26]. is is a modi ed solvent extraction Journal of Chemistry
A 5.0 mL of doubly-distilled water was placed in a 10 mL screw cap glass test tube with conic bottom and spiked at levels of 0.05–1 μμg L−1 of palladium and the pH of solution was adjusted by adding acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution. en the mixture of 500 μμL of methanol and 70 μμL of chloroform containing 1.0 × 10−3 mol L−1 of io-Michler’s ketone was injected rapidly into a sample solution by using 1.00-mL syringe, and the mixture was gently shaken

Summary

Introduction

Palladium has been used in different areas of science and technology including agents, brazing alloys, petroleum, electrical industries, and catalytic chemical reactions. e metal may enter the environment and interact with complexing materials, such as humic substances. Argon gas ow (mL min−1) 100 250 0 1000 method and its acceptor-to-donor phase ratio is greatly reduced comparing to other extraction methods In this method, the appropriate mixture of extraction solvent and disperser solvent is rapidly injected into aqueous samples containing analytes by syringe. The cloudy state is because of the formation of ne droplets of extraction solvent which has been dispersed among the sample solution. E determination of analytes in settled phase can be performed by instrumental analysis In this extraction method, any component originally present in the solution that interacts with the ne droplets of extraction solvent directly or a er previous derivatization reaction can be extracted from the initial solution and concentrated in the small volume of the settled phase. E purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of DLLME combined with GF AAS for determination of palladium (II) ion in water samples

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Conclusion