Determination of Toxic Elements in Facial Cosmetics from the Romanian Market and Their Health Risk Assessment

Abstract

Nowadays, the growing demand for cosmetics is also associated with increased vulnerability to carcinogenic effects resulting from long-term exposure. In this work, toxic effects of trace elements and heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Pb, Hg, and Cd) were investigated in facial cosmetic lipstick and eye shadow availalbe on the Romanian market by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The risk evaluation for human health was assessed using the systemic exposure dosage (SED) and the margin of safety (MoS). Our results show that the lead exceeded the acceptable safe manufacturing practice of 20 mg/kg in several samples, indicating an existing risk for consumers. The nickel, often associated with skin dermatitis and allergic reaction, had higher values than the 5 mg/kg recommended maximum weight. The highest heavy metals concentrations were in the eye shadow samples. The systemic exposure dosage and margin of safety values were within acceptable limits, and irrespective of this aspect, daily exposure can cause cumulative side effects, which is why a continuous monitoring of heavy metals adulteration needs to be performed.