Determination of Thermodynamics in Various Solvents and Kinetics of Cefuroxime Sodium during Antisolvent Crystallization

Abstract

This work reports new measurements of solubility of cefuroxime sodium in pure water in the temperature range from (281.15 to 307.75) K and binary liquid mixture as a function of composition at atmospheric pressure. According to the results of solubility of cefuroxime sodium in various solvents, antisolvent crystallization was determined, and acetone was chosen as the antisolvent. Furthermore, the induction time of cefuroxime sodium was measured to deduce the nucleation and growth mechanism. It is found that only homogeneous nucleation occurred at the chosen supersaturation according to the classical nucleation theory equation. It was also speculated that the growth mechanism of cefuroxime sodium follows the diffusion-controlled growth in view of the value of the surface entropy factor.